Paper-I

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section A

1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi
   I.Evolution of Hindi Language :Apabhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
   
   II.Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.
   
   III.Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitya, Rahim etc. and
          Dakhini Hindi.
   
   IV.Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
   
   V.Standardization of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
   
   VI.Development of Hindi as National Language during freedom movement.
   
   VII.The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
   
   VIII.Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.
   
   IX.Development of Hindi as Media Language.
   
   X.Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.
   
   XI.Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.

Section B

2. History of Hindi Literature
   
   
   I.The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi
       Literature.
   
   II.Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.
   1. Adikal - Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya. Prominent poets - Chandvardai, Khusero, Vidyapati
   2. Bhaktikal - Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Prominent Poets - Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
   3. Ritikal : Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets - Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.
   4. Adhunik Kal
      • Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal
      • Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra
      • Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
      • Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.
   
   
   III. Katha Sahitya
   1. Upanyas & Realism
   2. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
   3. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
   4. The origin and development of Hindi short story.
   5. Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Mannu Bhandari.
   
   
   IV. Drama & Theatre
   1. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
   2. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Laxmi Narayan Mishra, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
   3. The development of Hindi Theature.
   
   
   V. Criticism
   1. The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavaharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanavadi & Nai Alochana.
   2. Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.
   
   
   VI.The other forms of Hindi prose - Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra- vrittant.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Hindi.

This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section A

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
2. Surdas : Bhramargeetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand)
4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dweep Khand & Nagamativiyog Khand)
5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagannath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
6. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
7. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta)
8. Dinkar : Kurukshetra
9. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena)
10. Muktiboth : Andhere Men

Section B

1. Bharatendu : Andher Nagari
2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din
3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Hai, Shraddha Aur Bhakti)
4. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai
5. Prasad : Skandgupta
6. Yashpal : Divya
7. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal
8. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj
9. Nibandh Nilaya : Edited by Dr. Satyendra ( Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai)